![]() The scapula has two surfaces, three borders, three angles, and three processes. The central part of the supraspinatus fossa and the upper part of the infraspinatous fossa, but especially the former, are usually so thin in humans as to be semitransparent occasionally the bone is found wanting in this situation, and the adjacent muscles are separated only by fibrous tissue. The head, processes, and the thickened parts of the bone contain cancellous tissue the rest consists of a thin layer of compact tissue. These attach to the medial, superior, and inferior borders of the scapula. The third group, which is mainly responsible for stabilization and rotation of the scapula, consists of the trapezius, serratus anterior, levator scapulae, and rhomboid muscles. These muscles are responsible for several actions of the glenohumeral joint. The extrinsic muscles include the biceps, triceps, and deltoid muscles and attach to the coracoid process and supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, and spine of the scapula. ![]() These muscles attach to the surface of the scapula and are responsible for the internal and external rotation of the shoulder joint, along with humeral abduction. The intrinsic muscles of the scapula include the muscles of the rotator cuff-the subscapularis, teres minor, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus. The scapula is a thick, flat bone lying on the thoracic wall that provides an attachment for three groups of muscles: intrinsic, extrinsic, and stabilizing and rotating muscles. In humans, it is a flat bone, roughly triangular in shape, placed on a posterolateral aspect of the thoracic cage. The scapula forms the back of the shoulder girdle. This prefix is derived from ὦμος (ōmos), the Ancient Greek word for shoulder, and is cognate with the Latin (h)umerus, which in Latin signifies either the shoulder or the upper arm bone. In compound terms, the prefix omo- is used for the shoulder blade in medical terminology. ![]() ![]() The name derives from the Classical Latin word for trowel or small shovel, which it was thought to resemble. Like their connected bones, the scapulae are paired, with each scapula on either side of the body being roughly a mirror image of the other. The scapula ( PL: scapulae or scapulas ), also known as the shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). ![]()
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